When caring for a patient who has advanced from stage C to stage D of the American College of Cardiology (ACC)/American Heart Association (AHA) heart failure classification system, the nurse instructs the patient and family that this stage includes the addition of:
A) lifestyle modification and management of underlying disorder.
B) ACE inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), blood pressure control, or beta blockers.
C) diuretics, aldosterone blockers, or vasodilators.
D) interventional therapy with left ventricular assist device or heart transplantation.

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

Stage D heart failure involves advanced heart failure requiring specialized interventions such as a left ventricular assist device or heart transplantation.

When Caring for a Patient Who Has Advanced from Stage