Question 1

It is common for an individual to experience an episode of mania without an accompanying depression at some point in their life.

Accepted Answer

Mania is often associated with bipolar disorder, where individuals typically experience episodes of both mania and depression. It is uncommon for someone to experience mania without ever experiencing depressive episodes.

Question 2

Bipolar disorder is more common than major depression.

Accepted Answer

Bipolar disorder is less common than major depression.

Question 3

It is estimated that for every completed suicide, there are __________ suicide attempts.

Accepted Answer

The answer of It is estimated that for every completed...

Question 4

Up to _________ percent of people who completed suicide suffered from major depression.

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that up to 70% of people who completed suicide suffered from major depression. This highlights the importance of identifying and treating depression in order to prevent suicide.

Question 5

Post-mortem studies of people who have committed suicide have found consistent evidence for a hypoactive __________ system.

Accepted Answer

Post-mortem studies consistently find lower levels of serotonin in the brains of individuals who have committed suicide. This suggests a possible link between low serotonin activity and increased risk of suicidal behavior.

Question 6

Recent biochemical theories of depression have examined the role of the postsynaptic receptor in the etiology of depression.

Accepted Answer

Recent biochemical theories of depression, such as the monoamine receptor hypothesis, propose that dysregulation of postsynaptic receptors for neurotransmitters like serotonin and norepinephrine play a major role in the development of depression.

Question 7

The strongest risk factor for completed suicide is

Accepted Answer

Being male is a significant risk factor for completed suicide, with men being more likely than women to die by suicide.

Question 8

Research showing that there is nothing special about five (DSM) symptoms rather than four or two weeks duration rather than three supports a dimensional model of depression.

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that there is nothing inherently special about five DSM symptoms or a duration of four weeks for a diagnosis of depression. This supports a dimensional model of depression, where symptoms exist on a continuum rather than fitting into a categorical diagnosis.

Question 9

The goal of cognitive-behavioural treatment for depression is to identify and resolve unconscious conflict.

Accepted Answer

The goal of cognitive-behavioural treatment for depression is to identify and change negative thought patterns and behaviours that contribute to depressive symptoms, rather than resolving unconscious conflict.

Question 10

Post-partum depression appears to be a predominantly Western phenomenon.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Post-partum depression appears to be a predominantly...

Question 11

Freud's concept of imagined loss posits that predisposed individuals develop unconsciously interpret other types of events as severe loss events.

Accepted Answer

Freud's concept of imagined loss suggests that individuals who are predisposed to certain psychological issues may unconsciously interpret other events as severe loss events, leading to intense grief reactions.

Question 12

DSM-5 will probably enable clinicians to diagnose severe grief following loss of a loved one as depression.

Accepted Answer

DSM-5 includes criteria for a new diagnosis called "Persistent Complex Bereavement Disorder" which is characterized by severe and prolonged grieving following the death of a loved one. This diagnosis could be made instead of diagnosing depression in cases where the symptoms are more closely aligned with grief than depression. However, if the symptoms meet the criteria for major depression, then that diagnosis would be appropriate.

Question 13

The Roman physician Hippocrates was the among first to extend the ideas on the relationship between emotional temperament (such as depression) and bodily fluids called humours first proposed by Galen.

Accepted Answer

This statement is incorrect. Hippocrates did not believe in the theory of humours, it was actually Galen who introduced it. However, Hippocrates did write extensively about the connection between mental health and physical well-being, and is often referred to as the "father of modern medicine."

Question 14

A manic episode must be at least one week long, and does not typically last much longer than this.

Accepted Answer

A manic episode must last at least one week, but it can last much longer than this, often several weeks or even months if untreated.

Question 15

After mood disorders, __________ is the second most common factor in suicide.

Accepted Answer

Alcohol and substance abuse is the second most common factor in suicide after mood disorders. Studies have found that individuals with substance use disorders are at a higher risk of suicide, and that up to 50% of individuals who die by suicide have alcohol or substance abuse problems.

Question 16

Research findings are consistent in showing that Seasonal Affective Disorder is caused by melatonin dysregulation.

Accepted Answer

While melatonin dysregulation may play a role in Seasonal Affective Disorder, it is not a consistently supported cause. Other factors such as changes in serotonin levels and circadian rhythms have also been implicated in the development of SAD.

Question 17

Research suggests that those with the highest genetic risk for depression are more than twice as likely to develop depression in the face of stress than those at a lower genetic risk.

Accepted Answer

Studies have found that individuals with a high genetic risk for depression may be more vulnerable to developing depression in response to stressful life events compared to those without that genetic predisposition.

Question 18

Robert Burton's Anatomy of Melancholy (1621) described psychological and social causes for depression.

Accepted Answer

Robert Burton's Anatomy of Melancholy did indeed describe psychological and social causes for depression. It is considered a classic work in the history of psychology and psychiatry.

Question 19

The most enduring cognitive theory of the mood disorders was developed by Beck.

Accepted Answer

This statement is true. Beck's cognitive theory, also known as cognitive-behavioral theory, proposes that depression and other mood disorders arise from negative thinking patterns and maladaptive beliefs.

Question 20

Brown and Harris found that early childhood loss, such as the loss of a parent before age twelve, is a powerful predictor of depression in adulthood.

Accepted Answer

Brown and Harris conducted a study and found that early childhood loss, such as the loss of a parent before age twelve, is a powerful predictor of depression in adulthood.

Quiz 8: Mood Disorders and Suicide