The Age of the Invasions of the Magyars, the Vikings

The age of the invasions of the Magyars, the Vikings and Muslim raiders had all of the following results except

A) Learning suffered when the attacks required attention and resources
B) The physical area of Western Civilization contracted
C) The church structure deteriorated, as local lords often seized church lands or placed bishops and priests under their control
D) The notion of a Christian Europe headed by emperors and popes collapsed as the empire fragmented