With Joshua watching, an experimenter pours the contents of one beaker into a taller and skinnier beaker. When asked if the two beakers have the same amount, Joshua, age 4, would say

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At age 4, children are typically in the preoperational stage of cognitive development, according to Piaget. They often focus on one aspect of a situation (in this case, height) and may not understand the concept of conservation of volume, leading them to believe the taller beaker holds more liquid.

With Joshua Watching, an Experimenter Pours the Contents of One