When presented with tasks like the pendulum problem, in contrast to adolescents, children in the ______________ stage are not good at systematically testing all of the factors; they tend to report whatever answer seems to be correct after conducting only a few tests.

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Children in the concrete operational stage (ages 7-11) struggle with systematic testing and hypothetical reasoning, which are required for solving problems like the pendulum problem. They tend to focus on concrete, tangible objects and experiences rather than abstract reasoning.

When Presented with Tasks Like the Pendulum Problem, in Contrast