In order to accurately determine the extent to which sleep influences grades, I randomly assign my subjects to one of four groups: 4, 6, 8, or 10 hours of sleep per night. The four groups can be referred to as:

Question

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The groups represent different levels of the independent variable, which is the amount of sleep. The independent variable is what the researcher manipulates to observe its effect on the dependent variable, which in this case would be grades.

In Order to Accurately Determine the Extent to Which Sleep