The Four Paths to the Evolution and Maintenance of Cooperation

The four paths to the evolution and maintenance of cooperation in animals are:

A) kin selection, group selection, reciprocity, and byproduct mutualism.
B) group selection, trait-group selection, kin selection, and reproductive skew.
C) byproduct mutualism, tit-for-tat, prisoner's dilemma, and heritability.
D) group selection, ecological constraints theory, tit-for-tat, and sensory exploitation.
E) kin selection, truncation selection, natural selection, and within-group selection.