Three-year-old Maddie tells herself aloud, "I have to go down the stairs sitting down," as she does so. Which of Vygotsky's stages of cognitive development is she demonstrating?

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

Maddie is demonstrating private speech, which is when children talk to themselves to guide their actions and thoughts, a concept introduced by Vygotsky as part of his theory of cognitive development.

Three-Year-Old Maddie Tells Herself Aloud, "I Have to Go Down