John Roarke, a Manager, Makes the Following Statement: "To Measure

John Roarke, a manager, makes the following statement: "To measure the effects of our educational programs designed to stop sexual harassment at our workplace, we recently conducted a survey asking employees about their attitudes and the behaviour of the people around them. The survey, conducted after the programs, showed no improvement in either attitudes or behaviour. Obviously, then, the survey was conducted improperly." Which of the following most closely resembles the flawed reasoning employed by Roarke?

A) This lawn chair must have been improperly designed. A large number of customers have complained that it rusts quickly and then falls apart.
B) The plan for the new office building must not have been well-reasoned, as it provides no backup plan in case of poor weather or other unforeseen events.
C) The inspection must have not have been competently done. After all, it failed to uncover any mould.
D) Every project that follows the ACME quality procedure is run efficiently, effectively, or both. Since the Prensabi project followed the procedure and was not effective, it must have been run efficiently.
E) The review of our ethical standards reveals serious breaches of professional standards. But this review must be wrong, because all of our employees are paid, and therefore each must be a professional.