Sam Manages a Team of Employees and Wants to Motivate

Sam manages a team of employees and wants to motivate them. Which of the following, if true, would provide the best reason for thinking that Sam operates under Theory X of employee motivation?

A) Sam decides to arrange private conferences individually with his employees to gauge their sources of dissatisfaction.
B) Sam decides to give all of his employees a raise in order to boost their morale.
C) Sam decides to initiate a system of stricter rules and work policies in order to increase his team's productivity.
D) Sam assumes that something must be wrong with the conditions under which his employees work.
E) Sam decides to survey his employees to determine what it would take to make them work more productively.