Question 1

Your self-concept is made up of various beliefs you hold about yourself.

Accepted Answer

Your self-concept is indeed made up of various beliefs, perceptions, and attitudes you hold about yourself. This includes things like your values, personality traits, abilities, and past experiences, among other things. These beliefs can shape how you see yourself and the world, influence your decisions and behaviors, and impact your overall well-being.

Question 2

___________ refers to a strategy whereby we disassociate ourselves from others who have failed or behaved poorly.

Accepted Answer

CORFing, or cutting off reflective failure, refers to distancing oneself from individuals or groups who have experienced failure or negative outcomes. This may be done in order to preserve one's own image or avoid association with failure.

Question 3

If you acted consistently across situations and behaved according to your own personal views you would be considered:

Accepted Answer

Self-monitoring refers to the degree to which individuals are able to assess and regulate their own behavior based on the social situation. If you consistently behave according to your own personal views regardless of the situation, then you would be considered low in self-monitoring. Essentially, you are not changing your behavior to fit the social context or to conform to others' expectations.

Question 4

When we predict the impact of a future event on our emotional state we are usually correct in estimating how we will feel.

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that people are not always accurate in predicting how they will feel in response to a future event, and their predictions can be influenced by a number of cognitive biases.

Question 5

Self-efficacy is a person's evaluation of his or her self-worth.

Accepted Answer

Self-efficacy is a person's belief in their ability to successfully perform certain tasks or achieve specific goals, not their evaluation of self-worth.

Question 6

We often think that our beliefs, appearance, and our internal states are obvious to other people. This is known as ____________.

Accepted Answer

The phenomenon described in the question, where we overestimate the extent to which other people notice and pay attention to our beliefs, appearance, and internal states, is known as the spotlight effect. It is a form of social cognition bias. Self-serving attribution refers to our tendency to attribute successes to internal factors and failures to external factors. Social comparison is the process of evaluating ourselves relative to others. Self-monitoring is the extent to which people regulate their behavior and self-presentation in response to social cues and norms.

Question 7

Aaron is overweight. To feel better, he often compares himself to individuals who are heavier. This process illustrates:

Accepted Answer

Downward social comparison occurs when an individual compares themselves to someone who is in a worse situation than them, in order to make themselves feel better. In this case, Aaron is comparing himself to individuals who are heavier than him, in order to feel better about his own weight.

Question 8

Which of the following statements is an example of an ingratiating tactic?

Accepted Answer

Complimenting someone on their appearance is a common ingratiating tactic.

Question 9

Tom has an important job interview on Monday and he is feeling very nervous. He decides to stay out late on Sunday night with his friends instead of getting a good night's sleep. He now has a handy excuse if he does not perform well during his interview. This illustrates which concept?

Accepted Answer

This scenario illustrates the concept of self-handicapping, where an individual engages in behaviors that could potentially harm their performance, in order to have an excuse if they do not do well. In this case, Tom stayed out late with friends instead of getting a good night's sleep, which could negatively impact his performance during the job interview.

Question 10

Which of the following concepts explains why sports fans might be more likely to wear clothing supporting their favourite team after a big win instead of after a big loss?

Accepted Answer

BIRGing, or "Basking In Reflected Glory," is a concept that suggests individuals will associate themselves with successful others to enhance their self-esteem or identity. In the context of sports, fans are more likely to wear clothing supporting their team after a big win to bask in the glory of their team's success and feel good about themselves. This behavior is less likely after a big loss.

Question 11

Which of the following explains why many people prefer text messages and online interaction over face-to-face interaction or phone calls?

Accepted Answer

Text messages and online interaction allow us to think more carefully and edit our messages before sending, giving us more control over how others perceive us. This can be appealing to people who are shy or self-conscious in face-to-face interactions.

Question 12

Researchers have found that in online dating profiles women are more likely to underreport ____________, while men are more likely to over-report ____________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Researchers have found that in online dating...

Question 13

If Sally has a well-developed sense of self, you would predict she has lower self-efficacy.

Accepted Answer

A well-developed sense of self typically includes a sense of confidence in one's abilities and worth, which is referred to as self-efficacy. Therefore, having a well-developed sense of self would predict higher self-efficacy, not lower.

Question 14

An individual concerned with gaining financial independence and moving away from his family to pursue his music career is likely from an individualistic culture.

Accepted Answer

Pursuing individual goals such as financial independence is a characteristic of individualistic cultures, which prioritize the needs and desires of the individual over those of the group or family.

Question 15

Derek was asked to choose between two women to take on a date. He chose a woman who was open, outgoing, and highly unattractive over a woman who was shy, self-centered, and highly attractive. According to this information Derek is most likely:

Accepted Answer

Low self-monitors tend to pay less attention to social cues and are more likely to choose a partner based on personal values and preferences rather than external factors such as physical attractiveness. In this scenario, Derek has chosen the woman who is more compatible with his personality, even though she may not be conventionally attractive. This suggests that Derek is more concerned with personal fulfillment than social approval, which is a characteristic of low self-monitors.

Question 16

Jill wants her new sorority sisters to like her so she compliments them on their hair and clothing. Jill is using what strategy to manage other people's impressions of her?

Accepted Answer

Ingratiation involves using flattery or praise to make oneself more likable to others. Jill is trying to manage the impressions of her new sorority sisters by complimenting them on their appearance.

Question 17

Under which circumstance are we especially likely to engage in self-handicapping?

Accepted Answer

Self-handicapping is most likely to occur when we are nervous about our performance because we want to protect our self-esteem. By creating an excuse for potential failure, we can feel better about ourselves if we do not perform well.

Question 18

BIRGing is to ____________ as CORFing is to ____________.

Accepted Answer

BIRGing stands for "Basking In Reflected Glory," which means to associate oneself with the success of others, while CORFing stands for "Cutting Off Reflected Failure," which means distancing oneself from others' failures.

Question 19

According to self-verification theory, when our self-concepts are negative:

Accepted Answer

According to self-verification theory, individuals desire feedback from others that is consistent with their existing self-concept, whether it is positive or negative. Therefore, when our self-concepts are negative, we want others to see us the same way we see ourselves in order to maintain a sense of consistency and predictability.

Question 20

Increasing self-awareness is one way to motivate people to change their behaviour to match their personal standards.

Accepted Answer

When people become more aware of their thoughts, feelings, and actions, they are better able to identify areas where they may be falling short of their personal standards. This increased self-awareness can motivate them to change their behavior to align with their values and goals.

Quiz 4: The Self