Steele and Aronson (1995) conducted a study examining black and white university students' performance on a difficult test. They found that:

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Steele and Aronson found that black students performed worse than white students when they were told the test was diagnostic of their ability. This phenomenon is known as stereotype threat, where individuals feel pressure to confirm negative stereotypes about their social group. In this case, the stereotype is that black people are less intelligent than white people, and the pressure to confirm this stereotype can negatively impact performance on the test.

Steele and Aronson (1995) Conducted a Study Examining Black and White