Why Did Incumbent Pharmaceutical Firms Enter into Hundreds of Strategic

Why did incumbent pharmaceutical firms enter into hundreds of strategic alliances with biotech start-ups?

A) to pursue an unrelated-options perspective without disrupting existing market economics
B) to make small-scale investments in ventures poised to disrupt existing market economics
C) to invest their excess cash flow in the superior technology of the biotech start-ups
D) to share their continuously updated research technology with the biotech start-ups