Joseph, a line manager at a production facility, believes that his workers have little drive and will not work unless he pushes them. Therefore, he closely monitors and controls their work and disciplines those who do not meet his standards. Joseph is a Theory Y manager.

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Joseph's beliefs and actions are consistent with a Theory X manager, who assumes that employees are inherently lazy and need constant supervision and control. Theory Y managers, on the other hand, assume that employees are self-motivated and responsible, and they create a work environment that promotes autonomy and encourages employees to take initiative and responsibility for their work.

Joseph, a Line Manager at a Production Facility, Believes That