The out-group of subordinates, according to the leader-member exchange model (LMX) of leadership, receives special privileges.

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According to the LMX model, the in-group of subordinates receive special privileges, not the out-group. The leader has a special relationship with the in-group, characterized by higher levels of trust, mutual influence, and reciprocal support, while the out-group has a more formal and transactional relationship with the leader. Therefore, the in-group has access to more resources, feedback, training, and opportunities for development, which can enhance their job satisfaction, commitment, and performance. However, this differentiation may also create conflicts, biases, and inequities within the team or organization.

The Out-Group of Subordinates, According to the Leader-Member Exchange Model