Which of these operates from the premise that humans are basically brutal and selfish?

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Legalism operates from the premise that humans are basically brutal and selfish, and that harsh laws and punishments are necessary to maintain order and control society. Confucianism, on the other hand, emphasizes the importance of education and self-improvement to achieve a harmonious and just society. Daoism focuses on individualism, nature, and the pursuit of inner balance and harmony. Buddhism emphasizes the importance of compassion and the elimination of suffering through the Four Noble Truths and Eightfold Path.

Which of These Operates from the Premise That Humans Are