Economic Thinking Suggests That a Nation in Which Middlemen Are

Economic thinking suggests that a nation in which middlemen are considered to be unproductive seekers of profit, and where their activities are heavily restricted by law, will

A) gain by channeling people's efforts away from unproductive middleman activity toward physical output.
B) lose the potential gains from trade that would result from lower transaction costs emanating from middleman activities.
C) find that it is richer because the added transaction costs normally imposed by middlemen will be reduced.
D) gain because the value of total output will rise.