What is meant by the phrase "gunpowder empires," and to what degree did the Muslim states discussed here conform to this description? Compare and contrast the reasons underlying the nature, extent, and timing of the declines of the Mughal, Safavid, and Ottoman Empires by the end of the eighteenth century. Why did they decline while European powers extended their "gunpowder" diplomacy and trade?

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The Answer of What is meant by the phrase "gunpowder empires," and to what degree did the Muslim states discussed here conform to this description? Compare and contrast the reasons underlying the nature, extent, and timing of the declines of the Mughal, Safavid, and Ottoman Empires by the end of the eighteenth century. Why did they decline while European powers extended their "gunpowder" diplomacy and trade?

What Is Meant by the Phrase "Gunpowder Empires," and to What