A 40-Year-Old Man Who Has a Mother Who Was Diagnosed

A 40-year-old man who has a mother who was diagnosed with breast cancer at age 45, a father who was diagnosed with smoking-related lung cancer at age 55, a 33-year-oldsister with breast cancer, and a 38-year-old sister with ovarian cancer asks if he should be concerned for his cancer risk. What is the best response?

A) "Your risk is not affected by this family history because most of the cancers arose in female sex-associated tissues."
B) "You have two first-degree relatives and two second-degree relatives with cancer, which increases your general risk for cancer."
C) "Your risk for breast cancer may be increased and requires more investigation; however, your risk for lung cancer is not affected by this history."
D) "Your risk for cancer is affected by your parents' cancer development, and you should have genetic counseling on that basis; however, your sisters' cancers have no bearing on your risk."