The social presence effect occurs when the sender and receiver are sensitized to their relative status during the communication process.

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The social presence effect refers to how the presence or absence of others can impact communication, such as feeling more or less social pressure, performance anxiety, or accountability. It can occur in face-to-face interactions as well as virtual settings, depending on the level and type of social cues involved. The status of the sender and receiver is one factor that may affect how they perceive each other, but it is not the only one. Other factors include the medium used, the context of the communication, the nature of the task or topic, and the cultural norms and expectations of the participants.

The Social Presence Effect Occurs When the Sender and Receiver