When a neutral stimulus is paired with an existing conditioned stimulus and thus gains the power to elicit the conditioned response, then

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The scenario described is an example of higher-order conditioning, where a neutral stimulus gains the power to elicit the conditioned response by being paired with an existing conditioned stimulus. This is different from operant conditioning, where behavior is shaped through rewards and punishments, aversive conditioning, where a negative stimulus is paired with a behavior to discourage it, or observational learning, where behavior is learned by observing others.

When a Neutral Stimulus Is Paired with an Existing Conditioned