Which of the following criticisms has been made of both Harry Braverman's book Labor and Monopoly Capital and Gordon, Edwards, and Reich's analysis of the evolution of segmented labour markets in 20th century North America? A) Their theories portrayed workers as largely passive. B) Their theories suggested that workers have much more agency than they really do. C) Their theories ignored the role of technology in shaping the labour process. D) Their theories overemphasized the power of unions.

Question

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Both Braverman's and Gordon, Edwards, and Reich's theories have been criticized for portraying workers as largely passive and lacking agency in the labor process. These critiques argue that the theories neglect the ways in which workers can resist and shape their working conditions.

Which of the Following Criticisms Has Been Made of both