According to Domino and Domino (2006), when is cultural bias likely to affect test performance?

Question

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Cultural bias is likely to affect test performance both before and during the test. Before the test, factors such as test-taking skills and attitudes towards testing can be influenced by cultural factors. During the test, the content and format of the test may be biased towards certain cultural backgrounds, leading to different outcomes in performance.

According to Domino and Domino (2006), When Is Cultural Bias