Deviance in science
A)typically results in severe sanctions.
B)occurs, in part, because of the pressure to publish, according to the iceberg theory.
C)is likely to be detected, because of the nature of the peer review process.
D)has declined since 1980, according to recent research
E)is extremely rare, due to the normative structure of science.

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

The iceberg theory suggests that there is a significant amount of deviant behavior in science that goes undetected due to the pressure to publish, leading to an emphasis on quantity over quality. This pressure to publish can lead to misconduct such as plagiarism, data fabrication, and falsification of results. Therefore, deviance in science occurs in part due to the pressure to publish. While the peer review process is meant to detect scientific misconduct, it is not foolproof and instances of deviance may go undetected. Sanctions for scientific misconduct can vary depending on the severity of the violation, but they can range from retraction of papers to revocation of degrees and professional licenses. Recent research has shown that instances of scientific misconduct have not necessarily decreased since 1980.

Deviance in Science