Which of the Following Statements Most Accurately Describes the But-For

Which of the following statements most accurately describes the but-for test for causation?

A) The defendant may be held liable if the answer to the but-for test is "no."
B) The defendant may be held liable if the answer to the but-for test is "yes."
C) The but-for test requires proof on a balance of reasonable doubts.
D) The but-for test compares the actual events with the events that would have occurred if the defendant had breached the standard of care.
E) The but-for test is relevant to the issue of negligence but not to the issue of contributory negligence, because plaintiffs do not owe a duty of care to themselves.