E.coli can use electron carriers to grow aerobically or anaerobically.

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E.coli is a facultative anaerobe meaning it can grow aerobically or anaerobically by using different electron carriers. When grown aerobically, E.coli uses oxygen as an electron acceptor and NADH and FADH2 as electron donors. When grown anaerobically, E.coli can use various electron acceptors like nitrate or fumarate to carry out different types of respiration such as nitrate respiration or fumarate respiration.

EColi Can Use Electron Carriers to Grow Aerobically or Anaerobically