The original, classical theory of crime held that it was simply a voluntary and rational choice.

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The classical theory of crime, developed by Enlightenment thinkers such as Cesare Beccaria and Jeremy Bentham, posits that individuals make rational decisions based on a cost-benefit analysis of the potential rewards and risks involved in criminal behavior. This theory assumes that people have free will and that their actions are not determined by external factors such as societal or economic conditions.

The Original, Classical Theory of Crime Held That It Was