"Social reaction theories" focus more on how society, social institutions, and government officials react to crime than on why offenders commit crime.

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Social reaction theories, also known as labeling theories, prioritize understanding the societal response to crime and how it shapes the perceptions of both offenders and non-offenders. They argue that the formal labeling and stigmatization of offenders by authorities can lead to a self-fulfilling prophecy and further criminal behavior.

"Social Reaction Theories" Focus More on How Society, Social Institutions