While theories of cognitive development focus on universal processes that affect all children, the study of intelligence focuses on

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Intelligence focuses on individual differences in cognitive ability, rather than universal or group differences. Intelligence measures attempt to quantify an individual's abilities in areas such as problem-solving, reasoning, and memory. While there is some debate about the influence of innate abilities versus environmental factors on intelligence, there is generally agreement that there are individual differences in cognitive ability within any given sociocultural group.

While Theories of Cognitive Development Focus on Universal Processes That