A patient who has terminal cancer of the liver and is cared for by family members at home tells the nurse, "I have intense pain most of the time now." The nurse recognizes that teaching regarding pain management has been effective when the patient

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For chronic cancer pain, analgesics should be taken on a scheduled basis, with additional doses as needed for breakthrough pain. Taking the medications only when pain reaches a certain level does not provide effective pain control. Although nonopioid analgesics may also be used, there is no maximum dose of opioid. Opioids are given until pain control is achieved. The IV route is not more effective than the oral route and the oral route is preferred.

A Patient Who Has Terminal Cancer of the Liver and Is