The relationship between malaria and the HbS allele is an example of natural selection as a factor that can cause directional change in allele frequencies.

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The HbS allele provides a survival advantage against malaria, therefore individuals carrying this allele are more likely to survive and reproduce, passing on the allele to their offspring. This results in a directional change in the frequency of the HbS allele in the population. This process is an example of natural selection.

The Relationship Between Malaria and the HbS Allele Is an Example