A number of methods for assisting in the assessment of fetal well-being have been developed for use in conjunction with electronic fetal monitoring. These various technologies assist in supporting interventions for a nonreassuring fetal heart rate pattern when necessary. The labor and delivery nurse should be aware that one of these modalities, fetal oxygen saturation monitoring, includes the use of:

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Fetal oxygen saturation monitoring uses fetal pulse oximetry, which measures the oxygen saturation of the fetal blood in the umbilical artery. A fetal acoustic stimulator is used to stimulate fetal movement and reactivity during fetal heart rate monitoring. Fetal blood sampling involves the insertion of a needle into the fetal scalp to obtain a sample of blood for measuring oxygenation and acid-base balance. Umbilical cord acid-base determination involves the analysis of a blood sample collected from the umbilical cord at delivery to assess the fetal acid-base balance.

A Number of Methods for Assisting in the Assessment of Fetal