Question 1

When people are asked to describe a person they know very well,they usually identify six to seven core traits that characterize this person's personality.According to Allport,these core traits would be the person's __________ traits.

Accepted Answer

According to Allport's trait theory, the central traits are the main characteristics that define a person's personality and are reflected in their behaviors and actions. These traits are more general and encompassing than surface traits, which are specific behaviors that are displayed in particular situations, and cardinal traits, which are dominant and all-encompassing but not as universally applicable as central traits. Therefore, the best choice would be D, central traits.

Question 2

According to Gordon Allport,the personality traits that define a particular person's unique qualities are termed __________ traits.

Accepted Answer

Gordon Allport emphasized on the uniqueness of an individual's personality and coined the term "individual traits" to describe the characteristics that differentiate one person from another.

Question 3

Raymond Cattell called the core of a person's personality,that is,the person's underlying personality characteristics,__________ traits,or factors.

Accepted Answer

Raymond Cattell referred to the core of a person's personality as "source" traits. These are the underlying personality characteristics that are more stable and less observable than surface traits.

Question 4

With respect to Gordon Allport's theory,which type of trait does NOT belong with the other three?

Accepted Answer

The answer of With respect to Gordon Allport's theory,which type...

Question 5

To look for connections among traits,Cattell used a statistical technique that correlated multiple measurements and identified the general underlying factors.This technique is called

Accepted Answer

Cattell used factor analysis, which is a statistical technique used to identify patterns among multiple variables and identify the underlying factors that explain those patterns. This technique allowed Cattell to identify common traits and describe personality in terms of a few underlying dimensions.

Question 6

Cattell used a statistical technique called factor analysis to reduce a large number of visible traits into 16 __________ traits,or factors.

Accepted Answer

Cattell used factor analysis to identify 16 source traits, which he believed were the underlying factors of human personality. These source traits are more fundamental and less observable than surface traits, which are the visible behaviors.

Question 7

Fatima prefers vanilla milkshakes and cheeseburgers,likes horror movies and punk rock bands,and wears blue jeans almost all the time.According to Allport,this description identifies Fatima's __________ traits.

Accepted Answer

Secondary traits are more preferences or attitudes that only appear under certain circumstances or are less central to a person's core personality. Fatima's preferences for food, movies, music, and clothing style are examples of these less central, more changeable traits.

Question 8

Compassion was the overriding trait of Mother Theresa's personality.According to Gordon Allport,when a trait,such as Mother Theresa's compassion,is so basic and dominant that all of a person's behavior can be traced to that trait,the trait is called a __________ trait.

Accepted Answer

A cardinal trait is the trait that dominates a person's personality and all their behavior is traced back to it. Mother Theresa's compassion fits this definition, as it was the overriding trait that influenced all her behavior.

Question 9

When college students were asked to describe someone they knew well,they mentioned an average of __________ traits.

Accepted Answer

Research on personality traits has found that individuals tend to have around seven central traits that are most characteristic of their personality. Therefore, it is likely that college students would mention around seven central traits when describing someone they know well. Choices A and C are incorrect because secondary traits and cardinal traits are not commonly used terms in the study of personality. Choice D is also not well-supported by research.

Question 10

According to Allport,some traits are so basic that all of a person's activities can be traced to the existence of these traits.Allport calls such traits __________ traits.

Accepted Answer

Allport referred to the most dominant traits that shape almost every aspect of an individual's behavior as cardinal traits. These are the traits that dominate and shape a person's behavior and are considered to be the building blocks of personality.

Question 11

According to Gordon Allport,if a majority of people in the United States show the trait of competitiveness,then,for Americans,this trait would be considered a __________ trait.

Accepted Answer

According to Allport's trait theory, common traits are those that are shared by many people within a culture or society. If a majority of Americans exhibit competitiveness, then it would be considered a common trait for Americans. Cardinal traits refer to those that are dominant and overarching in a person's personality, secondary traits are more specific and situational, and source traits are the underlying factors that influence a person's behavior.

Question 12

To reduce the large number of surface traits to 16 source traits,Raymond Cattell used a statistical technique known as

Accepted Answer

Raymond Cattell used factor analysis to identify and reduce the large number of surface traits to 16 source traits. Factor analysis is a statistical technique used to identify underlying dimensions or factors that explain patterns of correlations among variables.

Question 13

One's food preferences,attitudes,political opinions,musical tastes,and so forth are examples of what Allport called __________ traits.

Accepted Answer

The answer of One's food preferences,attitudes,political opinions,musical tastes,and so forth...

Question 14

The basic building blocks that make up the core of personality are called __________ traits.

Accepted Answer

Central traits are the basic building blocks that make up the core of an individual's personality. These traits are the most characteristic behaviors and tendencies that define who a person is, and they are used to describe a person's overall personality. Common and behavioral traits are not specific enough to describe the core of personality, and cardinal traits are rare and defining characteristics that few people possess.

Question 15

According to Allport,the less consistent and less important aspects of a person are called __________ traits.

Accepted Answer

Allport proposed a hierarchy of traits, with cardinal traits being the dominant and overarching traits governing a person's behavior, central traits being the major characteristics that define a person, and secondary traits being less consistent and less important aspects of a person. Therefore, choice A) is the best answer.

Question 16

The main difference between Allport's classification of traits and Cattell's classification of traits is that

Accepted Answer

Allport used a more subjective approach to classify traits, whereas Cattell used a more statistical approach. Allport was more interested in describing the uniqueness of an individual, while Cattell sought to identify underlying dimensions of traits.

Question 17

Which of the following used factor analysis to reduce a large number of surface traits into 16 source traits,or factors?

Accepted Answer

Raymond Cattell used factor analysis to reduce a large number of surface traits into 16 source traits, or factors.

Question 18

Katy prefers colorful clothes,is a vegetarian,is politically liberal,and is often late to any appointment.According to Allport,this description identifies Katy's __________ traits.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Katy prefers colorful clothes,is a vegetarian,is politically...

Question 19

Raymond Cattell referred to the visible features of one's personality as __________ traits.

Accepted Answer

According to Raymond Cattell, the visible features of one's personality are referred to as surface traits.

Question 20

Historians tell us that all of Abraham Lincoln's personality was dominated by the trait of honesty,which,according to Allport,would mean that this trait is a __________ trait.

Accepted Answer

Cardinal traits are those that heavily influence an individual's behavior and personality. In this case, Lincoln's honesty dominated his personality, making it a cardinal trait.

Quiz 12: A: Personality