Psychodynamic theories see paraphilic disorders as a defence against ________.

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According to psychodynamic theories, paraphilic disorders are seen as a defence mechanism against castration anxiety. This anxiety arises from the fear of losing the genitalia or being punished for sexual behaviour that is considered inappropriate by society. The paraphilic behaviour serves as a way of controlling this anxiety and reducing the fear of castration. Other factors like toilet-training anxiety, incest memories, or parental rejection may contribute to the development of paraphilic disorders, but they are not seen as the primary defence mechanism in psychodynamic theories.

Psychodynamic Theories See Paraphilic Disorders as a Defence Against ________