Question 1

Which of the following groups is run by the government of Japan,primarily to study Japanese atomic bomb survivors?

Accepted Answer

The Radiation Effects Research Foundation in Japan is run by the government primarily to study the effects of atomic bomb radiation on Japanese survivors. The other options do not specifically focus on Japanese atomic bomb survivors or are not run by the government of Japan.

Question 2

Which of the following are responsibilities of a health care facility's radiation safety committee (RSC)?
1)Assist in the development of the radiation safety program
2)Provide guidance for the radiation safety program
3)Facilitate the ongoing operation of the radiation safety program

Accepted Answer

All three options are responsibilities of a health care facility's radiation safety committee. The RSC is responsible for developing, implementing, and overseeing the radiation safety program of the facility. This includes providing guidance for safe handling, use, and disposal of radioactive materials, as well as ensuring compliance with regulatory requirements. Additionally, the RSC facilitates ongoing education and training of staff regarding radiation safety practices.

Question 3

If a cancer induced by 2 Gy of ionizing radiation is compared with a cancer induced by 0.2 Gy of ionizing radiation,the cancer induced by the larger absorbed dose is no worse than the cancer induced by the smaller absorbed dose,but the chance of cancer induction from the larger dose is:

Accepted Answer

The question states that the two cancers are "no worse" than each other, meaning they have similar consequences for the affected individual. However, the larger absorbed dose of radiation has a greater chance of inducing cancer, as the amount of radiation exposure is a factor in the likelihood of cancer development. Therefore, the chance of cancer induction from the larger dose is greater than the chance of induction from the smaller dose.

Question 4

Determine the cumulative effective dose (CumEfD) limit to the whole body of an occupationally exposed person who is 46 years old.

Accepted Answer

According to the International Commission on Radiological Protection, the cumulative effective dose (CumEfD) limit for an occupationally exposed person is 20 mSv multiplied by the person's age in years. Therefore, for a 46-year-old person, the CumEfD limit would be 20 mSv/year x 46 years = 920 mSv. However, the limit for a single year is typically set at 50 mSv for occupational exposure, and the limit for the whole body over five years is 100 mSv. So, over a 46-year career, the CumEfD limit would still be 460 mSv, which is the closest to this range among the answer choices.

Question 5

The annual occupational effective dose (EfD) limit does not include:
1)personal medical radiation exposure from an imaging procedure.
2)natural background radiation exposure.
3)radiation exposure received on the job.

Accepted Answer

The annual occupational effective dose (EfD) limit excludes personal medical radiation exposure and natural background radiation exposure, as it only accounts for radiation exposure received on the job.

Question 6

In general,deterministic effects typically occur:

Accepted Answer

Deterministic effects occur when a large dose of radiation is received, exceeding a certain threshold, leading to predictable health effects.

Question 7

Epidemiologic studies of atomic bomb survivors exposed in utero have provided conclusive evidence of a dose-dependent increase in the incidence of severe mental retardation for fetal doses greater than approximately:

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that fetal doses greater than approximately 0.4 Sv are associated with a dose-dependent increase in the incidence of severe mental retardation among atomic bomb survivors exposed in utero.

Question 8

Which of the following are functions and/or responsibilities of the United States Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)?
1)Functions as a monitoring agency in places of employment,predominantly in industry
2)Regulates occupational exposure to radiation through Part 1910 of Title 29 of the U.S.Code of Federal Regulations (29 CFR 1910)
3)Responsible for regulations concerning the "right to know" of employees with regard to hazards that may be present in the workplace

Accepted Answer

OSHA is responsible for monitoring workplace safety, regulating occupational exposure to hazards including radiation, and ensuring employees' right to know about workplace hazards.

Question 9

Determine the cumulative effective dose (CumEfD) limit to the whole body of an occupationally exposed person who is 52 years old.

Accepted Answer

The cumulative effective dose limit to the whole body of an occupationally exposed person who is 52 years old is 520 mSv according to the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) standards. Therefore, option C is the correct choice.

Question 10

When whole-body occupational exposure is controlled by keeping the effective dose (EfD) well below the upper boundary limit,the possibility of inducing stochastic effects of radiation is:

Accepted Answer

Keeping the effective dose well below the upper boundary limit minimizes the possibility of inducing stochastic effects of radiation, which are associated with low levels of radiation exposure and have a probability of occurrence that increases with the dose. Therefore, minimizing the effective dose through effective radiation protection measures is critical to maintaining radiation safety and preventing harmful effects from ionizing radiation exposure.

Question 11

The essential concept underlying radiation protection is that:

Accepted Answer

The essential concept underlying radiation protection is that any organ in the human body is vulnerable to damage from exposure to ionizing radiation. While certain organs may be more sensitive than others, such as the reproductive organs and bone marrow, any organ can be affected by radiation exposure. Therefore, the goal of radiation protection is to minimize exposure and dose to all organs of the body.

Question 12

Which of the following agencies was previously known as the Atomic Energy Commission?

Accepted Answer

The Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) was previously known as the Atomic Energy Commission, which was established in 1946 to oversee nuclear activities in the United States.

Question 13

The main function of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) is to:
1)inspect imaging facilities.
2)oversee the nuclear energy industry.
3)regulate imaging facilities.

Accepted Answer

The Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) oversees the nuclear energy industry by regulating and licensing nuclear power plants and materials. Inspecting and regulating imaging facilities is not within the scope of the NRC's responsibilities. Therefore, choice 1 and 3 are not correct. Choice 2 is the only accurate option.

Question 14

Which of the following terms means "random in nature"?

Accepted Answer

Stochastic refers to a process or phenomenon that is random in nature.

Question 15

The effective dose (EfD) limiting system supersedes:

Accepted Answer

The effective dose (EfD) limiting system has replaced the previous maximum permissible dose (MPD) system as the standard for limiting radiation exposure. It is not related to specific regulatory agencies or laws such as OSHA or NRC, and does not supersede them. The Consumer-Patient Radiation Health and Safety Act of 1981 is a law that seeks to establish standards and regulations for radiation safety in consumer products and medical procedures, but it is not directly related to radiation dose limits for occupational or public exposure.

Question 16

The responsibility for maintaining radiation monitoring records for all personnel and for providing counseling for individuals who receive monitor readings in excess of allowable limits belongs to the:

Accepted Answer

According to regulations set forth by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC), the responsibility for maintaining radiation monitoring records for all personnel and providing counseling for individuals who receive monitor readings in excess of allowable limits belongs to the designated radiation safety officer of a health care facility.

Question 17

Occasional exposure for the purpose of education and training is permitted,provided that special care is taken to ensure that the annual effective dose limit of ____________ is not exceeded.

Accepted Answer

According to the international standards, the annual effective dose limit for a member of the public is 1 mSv. Therefore, occasional exposure for the purpose of education and training is permitted, provided that special care is taken to ensure that this limit is not exceeded. Options A, C, and D exceed this limit and are therefore incorrect.

Question 18

The ALARA concept presents an extremely conservative model with respect to the relationship between:

Accepted Answer

The ALARA concept (As Low As Reasonably Achievable) focuses on minimizing radiation exposure to individuals, and presents an extremely conservative model with respect to the relationship between ionizing radiation and potential risk. The concept emphasizes that even low doses of radiation may be harmful and should be minimized as much as possible.

Question 19

____________________ exists that low-level ionizing radiation causes a statistically significant increase in the threat of malignancy.

Accepted Answer

There is currently no conclusive proof that low-level ionizing radiation causes a statistically significant increase in the threat of malignancy. Research is ongoing, but definitive evidence has not been established.

Question 20

Which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

While it is possible for medical imaging personnel to receive equivalent doses close to the annual effective dose limit, it is not common. Medical facilities take precautions to minimize the exposure of personnel to radiation, such as using protective equipment and limiting the amount of time spent in the immediate vicinity of radiation sources. Therefore, medical imaging personnel almost never receive equivalent doses that are close to the annual effective dose limit.

Quiz 10: Dose Limits for Exposure to Ionizing Radiation