Which of the following have been tried by 20th-century states to eliminate or minimize the potential for fragmenting or breaking apart?

Question

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Throughout the 20th century, states have employed a variety of strategies to prevent fragmentation or secession. These strategies include decentralization of power to address local grievances, consolidation or centralization of power to strengthen the state's control, destruction of ethnic minorities in extreme cases to eliminate perceived threats to national unity, and granting increased autonomy to ethnic minorities to pacify separatist movements and reduce the desire for independence.

Which of the Following Have Been Tried by 20th-Century States