In most cases, cleft lip and cleft palate are caused by multiple factors-genetic and environmental-including maternal use of alcohol and tobacco.

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In most cases, cleft lip and cleft palate are caused by multiple gene-environmental interactions, including maternal deficiency of B vitamins (B₆, folic acid, and B₁₂), maternal tobacco and alcohol use, maternal diabetes mellitus, and genetic variations of several biomolecules including transforming growth factor, interferon regulatory factor-6, fibroblast growth factor, and other growth factors.

In Most Cases, Cleft Lip and Cleft Palate Are Caused