During the Protestant Reformation, Martin Luther and John Calvin

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Martin Luther and John Calvin split from the Roman Catholic Church and disputed their view on sexuality, particularly on issues such as celibacy and the role of sex within marriage. They believed that sex within marriage was not only permissible but also a positive aspect of the relationship. This was a departure from the Catholic belief that sex should only be for procreation and that priests should remain celibate. Both Luther and Calvin emphasized the importance of the family unit and believed that rearing children was a central duty of marriage.