The opportunity to participate or not to participate in a study by a subject is addressed in the idea of

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Informed consent refers to the process by which the subject is fully informed about the purpose, procedures, risks, and benefits of a study, and given the opportunity to freely decide whether to participate or not. Debriefing refers to the process of informing the subject about the nature of the study after it has been completed. Confidentiality refers to the protection of the subject's identity and personal information. Replication refers to the process of repeating a study in order to test the reliability and validity of the findings. While all of these concepts are important in research ethics, only informed consent directly addresses the issue of a subject's participation in a study.

The Opportunity to Participate or Not to Participate in a Study