Many situations have benefited from track-two diplomacy, including

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Track-two diplomacy was instrumental in facilitating the peaceful secession of Eritrea from Ethiopia in 1993. This involved unofficial negotiations between representatives from both sides, including academics, civil society leaders, and retired diplomats.

Answer: E
 During the Cuban Missile Crisis, track-two diplomacy played a vital role in defusing tensions between the United States and Soviet Union. Scholars and former officials from both sides met in secret to discuss potential solutions to the crisis, which helped to prevent a nuclear war.

The other options are not examples of track-two diplomacy. The conduct of the Vietnam War, rescue of hostages in Iran, and end of the Persian Gulf War primarily involved official government negotiations and actions, rather than the involvement of non-state actors in mediation and negotiation.

Many Situations Have Benefited from Track-Two Diplomacy, Including