Over the past three months,Jennifer's family has repeatedly expressed concern about her abuse of alcohol.Jennifer refuses to acknowledge that problems have arisen from her drinking,and she clearly states she has no desire to change her behaviors.In the stages of change model developed by Norcross,Krebs,and Prochaska (2011),Jennifer is in the _____ stage.

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In the precontemplation stage, individuals are not yet considering changing their behavior and may not even recognize that a problem exists. This is consistent with Jennifer's refusal to acknowledge that problems have arisen from her drinking and her clear statement that she has no desire to change her behaviors.

Over the Past Three Months,Jennifer's Family Has Repeatedly Expressed Concern