Electrons separated from radioactive elements are sometimes trapped in defects of crystals in odd numbers.These electrons,acting as small magnets,are the basis of:
A)electron spin resonance (ESR)dating
B)radiocarbon dating
C)thermoluminescence dating
D)amino acid racemization dating

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

ESR dating is based on the principle that electrons separated from radioactive elements are sometimes trapped in defects of crystals in odd numbers, acting as small magnets. By measuring the intensity of the signal emitted by these trapped electrons, scientists can determine how long ago the crystal was last exposed to sunlight or heat. This technique is particularly useful for dating materials beyond the range of radiocarbon dating, such as tooth enamel and quartz. Radiocarbon dating (B) is based on the analysis of the carbon-14 isotope in organic materials, thermoluminescence dating (C) uses the release of energy trapped in crystals to determine the time elapsed since last heating, and amino acid racemization dating (D) is based on the predictable decomposition rates of amino acids in fossils over time. None of these approaches are directly linked to the principle of trapped electrons in defects of crystals.

Electrons Separated from Radioactive Elements Are Sometimes Trapped in Defects