The emission of long-wave radiation by the atmosphere towards the Earth's surface is termed:

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The emission of long-wave radiation by the atmosphere towards the Earth's surface is called counter-radiation. This is because it is "countering" the short-wave radiation (direct radiation) that comes from the sun and warms the Earth's surface. Ground heat flow and latent heat refer to other types of heat transfer, while net radiation refers to the overall balance between incoming and outgoing radiation.

The Emission of Long-Wave Radiation by the Atmosphere Towards the Earth's