A coral reef that is attached to a shoreline is referred to as a/an:

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A fringing reef is a type of coral reef that is directly attached to the shoreline or coast. It runs along the coastline and forms a shallow lagoon between the reef and the shore. Atolls are circular coral reefs that are not attached to any land and are found in the open ocean. Barrier reefs, as the name suggests, form barriers between the open sea and a lagoon or the coast. Barrier islands are built up by wave and current action and are typically found offshore, parallel to the coast. Raised shorelines are formed by geological processes such as uplift, tectonics or isostatic rebound, and are usually located above sea level.

A Coral Reef That Is Attached to a Shoreline Is