When a criminal defendant acts pro se, courts have the discretion to appoint

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When a criminal defendant acts pro se, meaning they have chosen to represent themselves in court, courts have the discretion to appoint "shadow counsel." Shadow counsel, also known as standby counsel, is a lawyer appointed to assist the defendant if needed, while allowing the defendant to maintain control over their defense. This is different from a guardian ad litem, who represents the interests of those unable to represent themselves (such as minors), and different from mediators, who facilitate negotiations between parties.

When a Criminal Defendant Acts Pro Se, Courts Have the Discretion