Question 1

When does abstraction occur in ethnography?

Accepted Answer

Abstraction occurs during the field research when the ethnographer applies prior knowledge of the site and situation to make sense of the data collected. This involves identifying patterns, themes, and relationships among different data points to create broader concepts and theories. Abstraction can continue throughout the data analysis process, as codes are assigned and categories are developed, but it first occurs during the initial phase of data collection and interpretation.

Question 2

What is the term used to describe the central meaning of the thematic conclusions drawn in phenomenological analysis?

Accepted Answer

The term used to describe the central meaning of the thematic conclusions drawn in phenomenological analysis is essence.

Question 3

When a reader critiques a phenomenological study for appropriateness,the reader will examine the study to see if the researcher:

Accepted Answer

C

Question 4

Which of the following is an important feature of most qualitative analysis methods?

Accepted Answer

The cyclic, interrelated nature of data collection and analysis is a common feature in most qualitative analysis methods. Option A may be true for some qualitative methods, but not all. Option C is not always the key method of data collection in qualitative analysis, as other methods such as interviews and focus groups may also be used. Option D is not necessarily true, as researchers may acknowledge their personal beliefs and feelings and use them to inform their analysis.

Question 5

What processes do researchers use to study their own personal beliefs and knowledge in their attempt to ensure that their analysis reflects the participants' beliefs,not their own?

Accepted Answer

Researchers use reflexivity and bracketing to study their own personal beliefs and knowledge in order to ensure that their analysis reflects the participants' beliefs, not their own. Reflexivity involves reflecting on one's own biases, assumptions, and values that may influence the research process and findings. Bracketing involves temporarily setting aside one's own beliefs and assumptions in order to understand and analyze the participants' beliefs and experiences objectively.

Question 6

Which of the following sets of stages was included in the model for data analysis introduced by Miles and Huberman?

Accepted Answer

Miles and Huberman's model for data analysis includes data reduction, data display, conclusion drawing and verification as stages. Writing memos, keeping reflective journals, creating analytical files, and quoting participants are part of the overall process but are not the specific stages within their model. Skimming data, analyzing themes, and creating demographic charts are sub-processes within the data reduction stage. Coding data by marking, sorting, and redefining is a component of the data display stage.

Question 7

Which of the following is a common feature of different approaches to qualitative data analysis?

Accepted Answer

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Question 8

What is the main purpose of using vignettes in qualitative data analysis?

Accepted Answer

Vignettes are narratives or short stories that provide a detailed description of a particular event, experience, or phenomenon. Using vignettes in qualitative data analysis allows researchers to present textual data in a more engaging and understandable manner, providing a clear understanding of the themes and patterns present in the data. Vignettes act as a tool for organizing and interpreting data and help researchers to create a coherent and meaningful narrative that can be easily communicated to others.

Question 9

What is the purpose of grounded theory?

Accepted Answer

Grounded theory is a qualitative research methodology that is used for theory building through an iterative process of data collection and analysis. The purpose of grounded theory is to examine patterns of action and interaction between and among various types of social units (e.g., individuals, groups, organizations) to develop models that lead to theory building. Grounded theory is particularly useful when the existing theories are insufficient or inappropriate to explain a phenomenon of interest, and when the aim is to generate a new theoretical perspective or refine an existing one. Choices A, B, and D do not accurately reflect the purpose of grounded theory.

Question 10

Which of the following is the kind of data analysis that leads to the development of a cultural inventory?

Accepted Answer

Ethnographic data analysis involves the detailed study and documentation of a particular culture, including its beliefs, values, practices, and artifacts. This can involve developing a cultural inventory, which is a comprehensive list or catalog of the cultural elements that define a particular group or community. Phenomenological and grounded theory approaches focus more on understanding individual perspectives and experiences, while historical analysis involves examining events and trends over time.

Question 11

What is the purpose of data display in qualitative analysis?

Accepted Answer

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Question 12

What is the contribution of qualitative computer software to the research process?

Accepted Answer

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Question 13

Which of the following computer programs can be used to help researchers in qualitative data management?

Accepted Answer

QSR NVivo 8 is a computer program specifically designed for managing and analyzing qualitative data. SPSS and Minitab are statistical programs often used for quantitative data analysis, and EPI DATA is a program for creating and managing epidemiological data.

Question 14

Why do qualitative researchers include "member checking" in data analysis?

Accepted Answer

Qualitative researchers include "member checking" in data analysis to have the participants validate interpretations of the data. This is done to ensure that the interpretations made by the researcher are accurate and reflective of the participant's experiences and perspectives. It also helps to establish trust and rapport between the researcher and the participants.

Question 15

A student is critiquing a research report of a phenomenological research study that examines the lived experience of domestic violence.Which of the following answers is consistent with elements of a qualitative research report for a phenomenological research study?

Accepted Answer

Phenomenological research focuses on the lived experiences of individuals, and data is typically presented in narrative form to capture the essence of these experiences.

Question 16

Which of the following is the term for the huge volume of data collected during qualitative research?

Accepted Answer

The term commonly used for the extensive amount of data collected during qualitative research is "fat data." This is because qualitative research often involves collecting rich and comprehensive data through methods such as interviews, observations, and focus groups, which can result in a large volume of information to analyze. While essential data, interview data, and observational data may be relevant to qualitative research, they do not specifically refer to the large amount of data collected.

Question 17

Which of the following is a possible ethical issue that must be considered when evaluating qualitative research?

Accepted Answer

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Question 18

Which of the following criteria of scientific rigour for qualitative research is met when the research report leads the reader from the research question and raw data through the steps of analysis and interpretation of the data?

Accepted Answer

Auditability is being met because the research report should be able to be audited or traced back to its roots through the steps of analysis and interpretation. The other criteria (trustworthiness, fittingness, and credibility) are important for qualitative research, but are not specifically addressed by this description of the research report leading the reader through the steps of analysis and interpretation.

Question 19

Which of the following features is characteristic of the grounded theory method of qualitative research?

Accepted Answer

The grounded theory method involves simultaneous data gathering and analysis, with the goal of developing a theory grounded in the data. This approach allows for the theory to emerge from the data, rather than being imposed on it from pre-existing concepts or theories.

Question 20

Why do all qualitative researchers "immerse" themselves in the data?

Accepted Answer

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Quiz 15: Qualitative Data Analysis