Developing governments' belief that industrialization would not occur in their countries if they participated in the GATT-based system played an important role in shaping their trade and development policies.

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Developing countries often believed that the GATT-based system was designed to benefit industrialized countries and that their participation would hinder rather than promote their own industrialization. As a result, they often adopted protectionist trade policies and pursued import-substitution industrialization strategies instead.

Developing Governments' Belief That Industrialization Would Not Occur in Their