The somatic and autonomic nervous systems are similar in that they both have two efferent neurons between the central nervous system and the effector organ.

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The somatic nervous system typically involves a single efferent neuron between the central nervous system and the effector organ, whereas the autonomic nervous system involves two efferent neurons in a series (preganglionic and postganglionic neurons) between the central nervous system and the effector organ.

The Somatic and Autonomic Nervous Systems Are Similar in That