Causal hypotheses can only be tested when the researcher has the ability to ____ the main variables of the study.

Question

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To test causal hypotheses, the researcher needs to manipulate or control the main variables of the study. By doing this, the researcher can establish cause-effect relationships between the variables with greater confidence. The ability to predict, assess, identify, understand, estimate or measure the variables may be important in different stages of the research process, but they are not essential to test causal hypotheses.

Causal Hypotheses Can Only Be Tested When the Researcher Has