A genetic study conducted over multiple generations found that the frequency of genotypes in the first generation were AA: 0.36, Aa: 0.48, aa: 0.16.In the second generation, genotype frequencies shifted to AA: 0.16, Aa: 0.48, aa: 0.36.According to the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, we can assume

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The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium predicts that allele and genotype frequencies will remain constant over generations in the absence of evolutionary forces such as mutation, selection, gene flow, and nonrandom mating. Since the genotype frequencies have shifted between the first and second generation, we can rule out option A. Option B suggests that gene flow may have played a role in the change, but we cannot confirm this without further evidence. Option C suggests that there was nonrandom mating, which could also have affected the genotype frequencies, but we cannot confirm this without further information. Therefore, the best option is D, which suggests that either gene flow or nonrandom mating, or both, could have caused the change in genotype frequencies.

A Genetic Study Conducted Over Multiple Generations Found That the Frequency